Marine life  /  Sharks & rays  /  Cowtail stingray
Reviewed 2026-09-06
Species entry

Cowtail stingray

Pastinachus ater

A broad flap of skin under the tail, and a heavy ray that lies buried on open sand.

Size
To 180 cm disc width
Depth
3–35 m
Habitat
Open sand and silt
Active
Day and night
Range
Indo-Pacific
Rarity
Lembeh Strait
3 stars of 5, a good week should turn one up
SP-01
cowtail stingray · full body · habitat
4:3 · min 2400px

Disc to about 180 cm across, grey-brown above and pale below, thick-bodied, with a whip tail carrying a broad flap of skin along its underside behind the sting — the cowtail — which is the identifying feature. It has one or two long venomous spines near the tail base.

It lies buried in sand and silt with only the eyes and spiracles showing, and feeds on worms, crustaceans and molluscs dug out of the substrate. It is one of the larger animals a muck diver meets on open sand and is usually found by the outline of a buried disc rather than by seeing the ray itself. It leaves in a cloud of sediment if approached from above. Recorded from about 3 to 35 m.

Where to find:

LocationRarity Best monthsDepthHabitat
Lembeh Strait Indonesia editorial estimate
3 stars of 5, a good week should turn one up
Year-round
3–35 m
Open sand and silt
Dauin & Dumaguete Philippines editorial estimate
3 stars of 5, a good week should turn one up
Year-round
3–30 m
Open sand and seagrass
Ambon Indonesia editorial estimate
3 stars of 5, a good week should turn one up
Year-round
3–30 m
Silty sand
Anilao Philippines editorial estimate
4 stars of 5, two or three a season
Year-round
3–30 m
Sand and rubble

Ratings are per location: 1 means found on most dives that look for it, 5 means a handful of records. Where enough dives have been logged the figure is calculated from them; otherwise it is an editorial estimate, and says so. We publish habitat and destination, not the dive site.

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