Marine life  /  Sharks & rays  /  Great hammerhead
Entry in progress
Species entry

Great hammerhead

Sphyrna mokarran

The largest hammerhead, with a tall first dorsal fin and a nearly straight head margin. Solitary, unlike the scalloped hammerhead.

Size
To 550 cm
Depth
5–20 m
Habitat
Shallow sand off Bimini, winter
Active
Day and night
Range
Warm seas worldwide
Rarity
Bahamas
2 stars of 5, usually seen in a week
SP-01
great hammerhead · full body · habitat
4:3 · min 2400px

To about 5.5 m, the largest of the hammerheads. Two characters separate it from the scalloped hammerhead, and both are visible: the front margin of the head is almost straight with a notch in the middle, where the scalloped’s is curved and scalloped along its length; and the first dorsal fin is very tall and strongly curved, where the scalloped’s is shorter. It is also solitary, and the scalloped hammerhead schools.

The head is a sensory platform rather than a rudder. It spreads the ampullae of Lorenzini over a wider area and gives a wider field of view, and the animal uses it directly on stingrays, pinning them to the bottom with it while it bites. In the western Atlantic the reliable sighting is off Bimini in the Bahamas in winter, in a few metres of water over sand, on baited dives. Elsewhere on this site it is an occasional animal at a channel mouth or over a deep reef. It is listed as critically endangered and it survives poorly after being caught and released, which is worth knowing before supporting any fishery for it.

Where to find:

LocationRarity Best monthsDepthHabitat
Bahamas Bahamas editorial estimate
2 stars of 5, usually seen in a week
Year-round
5–20 m
Shallow sand off Bimini, winter
Florida United States editorial estimate
4 stars of 5, two or three a season
Year-round
10–30 m
Wrecks and reef edges in current
Australia Australia editorial estimate
5 stars of 5, a handful of records
Year-round
5–40 m
Coral Sea and northern reefs, in open water

Ratings are per location: 1 means found on most dives that look for it, 5 means a handful of records. Where enough dives have been logged the figure is calculated from them; otherwise it is an editorial estimate, and says so. We publish habitat and destination, not the dive site.

Related species

SP
atlantic guitarfish
16:10
Atlantic guitarfish
Pseudobatos lentiginosus
SP
bigeye thresher
16:10
Bigeye thresher
Alopias superciliosus
SP
blacktip reef shark
16:10
Blacktip reef shark
Carcharhinus melanopterus
SP
blacktip shark
16:10
Blacktip shark
Carcharhinus limbatus