Marine life  /  Wrasses  /  Humphead wrasse
Reviewed 2026-09-06
Species entry

Humphead wrasse

Cheilinus undulatus

The largest wrasse in the world, and endangered across most of its range.

Size
To 200 cm
Depth
3–60 m
Habitat
Reef slopes, walls and drop-offs
Active
Daylight
Range
Indo-Pacific
Rarity
Papua New Guinea
2 stars of 5, usually seen in a week
SP-01
humphead wrasse · full body · habitat
4:3 · min 2400px

To about 2 m and 190 kg, though fish over 1.5 m are now rare. Adults are blue-green with each scale carrying a vertical dark line, thick fleshy lips, two black lines running back from the eye, and a large forehead hump in mature males. Juveniles and young females are pale green-white with a dark bar through the eye and no hump, and are found in shallow coral and seagrass.

It feeds on hard-shelled prey — molluscs, urchins, crustaceans — and is one of the few predators that regularly takes crown-of-thorns starfish and boxfish. The species changes sex from female to male at around nine years, is slow-growing and long-lived, and has been heavily targeted for the live reef fish trade; it is listed as endangered and its trade is restricted under CITES. Individuals habituated to divers at particular sites will approach closely, but the species is naturally wary. Recorded from about 3 to 60 m.

Where to find:

LocationRarity Best monthsDepthHabitat
Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea editorial estimate
2 stars of 5, usually seen in a week
Year-round
3–60 m
Reef slopes, walls and drop-offs
Bali Indonesia editorial estimate
3 stars of 5, a good week should turn one up
Year-round
3–60 m
Reef slopes and walls
Australia Australia editorial estimate
3 stars of 5, a good week should turn one up
Year-round
3–40 m
Coral reef and drop-offs, Great Barrier Reef
Anilao Philippines editorial estimate
4 stars of 5, two or three a season
Year-round
3–50 m
Coral reef and slopes
Lembeh Strait Indonesia editorial estimate
5 stars of 5, a handful of records
Year-round
3–45 m
Coral reef and slopes

Ratings are per location: 1 means found on most dives that look for it, 5 means a handful of records. Where enough dives have been logged the figure is calculated from them; otherwise it is an editorial estimate, and says so. We publish habitat and destination, not the dive site.

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