Marine life  /  Turtles, sea snakes & crocodiles  /  Marine iguana
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Species entry

Marine iguana

Amblyrhynchus cristatus

The only lizard that forages in the sea, grazing algae on shallow rock.

Size
To 150 cm
Depth
0–12 m
Habitat
Shallow rocky shore, grazing algae
Active
Daylight
Range
Eastern Pacific
Rarity
Galapagos Islands
2 stars of 5, usually seen in a week
SP-01
marine iguana · full body · habitat
4:3 · min 2400px

The only lizard that forages in the sea, and the animal that most defines the Galapagos underwater even though it is barely a diving subject.

Adults graze algae from shallow rock. Large males feed subtidally and can stay down for several minutes at a few metres; most individuals, and almost all females and juveniles, feed in the intertidal and never submerge properly. The result is that this is a snorkelling animal, or a safety-stop animal, rather than one met on a dive.

Body temperature falls quickly in the water, which limits foraging time and is why an iguana returning to the rock will lie still in the sun for a long period afterwards.

Populations crash in strong El Niño years, when the green and red algae they feed on are replaced by a brown alga they digest poorly. Recovery has followed each recorded event, but the pattern is the clearest example of ENSO effects a visitor can actually watch.

Where to find:

LocationRarity Best monthsDepthHabitat
Galapagos Islands Ecuador editorial estimate
2 stars of 5, usually seen in a week
Year-round
0–12 m
Shallow rocky shore, grazing algae

Ratings are per location: 1 means found on most dives that look for it, 5 means a handful of records. Where enough dives have been logged the figure is calculated from them; otherwise it is an editorial estimate, and says so. We publish habitat and destination, not the dive site.

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