Marine life  /  Triggerfish & filefish  /  Mimic filefish
Reviewed 2026-09-06
Species entry

Mimic filefish

Paraluteres prionurus

A harmless filefish that copies a toxic puffer closely enough to be mistaken for it by divers.

Size
To 11 cm
Depth
2–25 m
Habitat
Coral reef, rubble and reef slopes
Active
Daylight
Range
Indo-Pacific
Rarity
Lembeh Strait
2 stars of 5, usually seen in a week
SP-01
mimic filefish · full body · habitat
4:3 · min 2400px

To about 11 cm, white with four dark saddles and fine brown spotting on the lower body — a close copy of Valentin’s sharpnose puffer, which is toxic. The differences are structural rather than in the pattern: the filefish has a slender first dorsal spine that can be raised above the eye, a longer more flexible body, a distinct second dorsal fin with a soft leading edge, and a narrower snout. In the water the swimming action separates them most reliably, the filefish undulating its dorsal and anal fins while the puffer sculls stiffly.

It is one of the clearest examples of Batesian mimicry on these reefs — an edible species taking on the appearance of a defended one — and the two are often within a few metres of each other. It feeds on algae, small invertebrates and coral polyps over rubble and reef. Recorded from about 2 to 30 m.

Where to find:

LocationRarity Best monthsDepthHabitat
Lembeh Strait Indonesia editorial estimate
2 stars of 5, usually seen in a week
Year-round
2–25 m
Coral reef, rubble and reef slopes
Bali Indonesia editorial estimate
2 stars of 5, usually seen in a week
Year-round
2–30 m
Reef slopes and rubble
Anilao Philippines editorial estimate
2 stars of 5, usually seen in a week
Year-round
2–25 m
Coral reef and rubble
Dauin & Dumaguete Philippines editorial estimate
2 stars of 5, usually seen in a week
Year-round
2–25 m
Rubble and reef edges
Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea editorial estimate
2 stars of 5, usually seen in a week
Year-round
2–30 m
Coral reef and rubble

Ratings are per location: 1 means found on most dives that look for it, 5 means a handful of records. Where enough dives have been logged the figure is calculated from them; otherwise it is an editorial estimate, and says so. We publish habitat and destination, not the dive site.

Related species

SP
arabian picassofish
16:10
Arabian picassofish
Rhinecanthus assasi
SP
barred filefish
16:10
Barred filefish
Cantherhines dumerilii
SP
black durgon
16:10
Black durgon
Melichthys niger
SP
blue triggerfish
16:10
Blue triggerfish
Pseudobalistes fuscus