Marine life  /  Surgeonfish & unicornfish  /  Convict surgeonfish
Reviewed 2026-09-06
Species entry

Convict surgeonfish

Acanthurus triostegus

Six black bars, shallow water, and grazing in mobile groups that overwhelm territory holders.

Size
To 27 cm
Depth
0–20 m
Habitat
Reef flats, rubble and shallow slopes
Active
Daylight
Range
Indo-Pacific
Rarity
Lembeh Strait
1 star of 5, found on most dives
SP-01
convict surgeonfish · full body · habitat
4:3 · min 2400px

To about 27 cm, pale silver-green to white with five narrow black vertical bars plus a sixth short bar at the tail base and a black mark above the pectoral fin. It is the plainest and most numerous of the shallow surgeonfishes and among the easiest to identify.

It grazes filamentous algae on reef flats and shallow slopes, and does so in mobile schools of tens to hundreds. The schooling is a feeding tactic: a group entering the algal territory of a damselfish or another surgeonfish is too numerous to be driven out, and the whole school feeds while the territory holder attacks individuals. The behaviour is easy to watch in three metres of water and is one of the more legible pieces of reef ecology available to a diver. Recorded from the surface to about 20 m.

Where to find:

LocationRarity Best monthsDepthHabitat
Lembeh Strait Indonesia editorial estimate
1 star of 5, found on most dives
Year-round
0–20 m
Reef flats, rubble and shallow slopes
Bali Indonesia editorial estimate
1 star of 5, found on most dives
Year-round
0–20 m
Reef flats and shallow reef
Anilao Philippines editorial estimate
1 star of 5, found on most dives
Year-round
0–20 m
Reef flats and rubble
Dauin & Dumaguete Philippines editorial estimate
1 star of 5, found on most dives
Year-round
0–20 m
Shallow rubble and reef flats
Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea editorial estimate
1 star of 5, found on most dives
Year-round
0–20 m
Reef flats and lagoons
Islas Revillagigedo Mexico editorial estimate
1 star of 5, found on most dives
Year-round
3–30 m
Rock and boulder ground

Ratings are per location: 1 means found on most dives that look for it, 5 means a handful of records. Where enough dives have been logged the figure is calculated from them; otherwise it is an editorial estimate, and says so. We publish habitat and destination, not the dive site.

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