Marine life  /  Jacks & open-water fish  /  Crocodile needlefish
Reviewed 2026-09-06
Species entry

Crocodile needlefish

Tylosurus crocodilus

Sits just under the surface, and is the fish most likely to injure someone in the water at night.

Size
To 130 cm
Depth
0–5 m
Habitat
Surface water over reef and sand
Active
Day and night
Range
Indo-Pacific
Rarity
Lembeh Strait
2 stars of 5, usually seen in a week
SP-01
crocodile needlefish · full body · habitat
4:3 · min 2400px

To about 130 cm, extremely elongate, blue-green above and silver below, with both jaws drawn out into a long beak full of fine teeth and a keel on the caudal peduncle. It holds within the top metre of water and is most often seen from below as a silhouette during a safety stop.

It hunts small fish at the surface in fast runs and will leap clear of the water when startled or when chasing prey. Needlefish are attracted to lights at night, and a fish travelling at speed just under the surface has caused serious puncture injuries to people in boats and in the water throughout the Indo-Pacific — the practical caution is to avoid pointing a torch outward across the surface at night, particularly from a small boat. Recorded from the surface to about 5 m.

Where to find:

LocationRarity Best monthsDepthHabitat
Lembeh Strait Indonesia editorial estimate
2 stars of 5, usually seen in a week
Year-round
0–5 m
Surface water over reef and sand
Anilao Philippines editorial estimate
2 stars of 5, usually seen in a week
Year-round
0–5 m
Surface water over reef
Dauin & Dumaguete Philippines editorial estimate
2 stars of 5, usually seen in a week
Year-round
0–5 m
Surface water over reef and sand
Bali Indonesia editorial estimate
2 stars of 5, usually seen in a week
Year-round
0–5 m
Surface water over reef
Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea editorial estimate
2 stars of 5, usually seen in a week
Year-round
0–5 m
Surface water over reef and lagoon

Ratings are per location: 1 means found on most dives that look for it, 5 means a handful of records. Where enough dives have been logged the figure is calculated from them; otherwise it is an editorial estimate, and says so. We publish habitat and destination, not the dive site.

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