Marine life  /  Corals & sponges
29 of 1316 species
Group

Corals & sponges

Less a group of animals than a group of structures. Almost everything else in the index sits on, in or beside one of these, and a diver who can name the host can usually find the animal.

Species
29
Depth
1–60 m
Rarity range
1 star of 5, found on most divesto 3 stars of 5, a good week should turn one up
Night only
2
Can hurt a diver
3
Destinations
13

The hosts divide by what they hold. The gorgonians, black corals and whip corals are the vertical structure on a slope and hold pygmy seahorses, whip coral shrimps, gobies and the xeno crab. The sponges hold their own set - hairy squat lobsters in the folds of a barrel sponge, shrimps and gobies in the tubes, and a barrel sponge grazed over by hundreds of small synaptid sea cucumbers.

The reef-building corals are here in outline rather than in detail. Acropora builds most of the reef and is the first to go when the water warms; the mushroom corals lie loose on sand, can right themselves and move short distances; the pulsing Xenia colonies open and close continuously and nobody has settled why. One entry is not a coral at all: fire coral is a hydrozoan, and it is the commonest sting on a reef because it looks like one.

29 species

Photographed first, then commonest
Barrel sponge, Xestospongia testudinaria
Barrel sponge
Xestospongia testudinaria
Reef slopes and walls · 10–50 m
1 star of 5, found on most divesin Bali
Gorgonian sea fan, Gorgonacea
Gorgonian sea fan
Gorgonacea
Current-exposed slopes and drop-offs · 10–45 m
1 star of 5, found on most divesin Lembeh Strait
Mushroom coral, Fungiidae
Mushroom coral
Fungiidae
Sand and rubble at the foot of slopes · 2–30 m
1 star of 5, found on most divesin Lembeh Strait

The other 26, written up but not yet photographed

Every one has a page. They are shown as a list rather than as pictures because nothing has been photographed or logged for them yet, and a species with nothing behind it should not sit in front of one that has.

Where they are recorded

How many of the 29 carry a record at each destination. A species usually carries several, so these do not add up to 29.

Lembeh Strait 12 Florida 11 Bahamas 11 Cayman Islands 11 Anilao 10 Bali 10 Dauin & Dumaguete 9 Papua New Guinea 9 Ambon 3 Galapagos Islands 3 Cocos Island 2 Islas Revillagigedo 2 Red Sea 2

The other groups

Anemonefish 11 Angelfish 25 Batfish 3 Blennies 26 Butterflyfish 35 Cardinalfish 13 Damselfish 32 Dottybacks 5 Dragonets 5 Eels & garden eels 18 Flatfish 8 Frogfish & anglers 26 Goatfish 8 Gobies & dartfish 29 Groupers & anthias 42 Hawkfish 5 Jacks & open-water fish 29 Jawfish 4 Lizardfish & flatheads 10 Morays 26 Morwongs & trumpeters 4 Parrotfish 16 Pufferfish & boxfish 23 Rabbitfish 5 Scorpionfish & lionfish 47 Seahorses & pipefish 53 Shrimpgobies 17 Snappers, breams & sweetlips 39 Squirrelfish & soldierfish 9 Surgeonfish & unicornfish 26 Triggerfish & filefish 25 Trumpetfish & cornetfish 4 Wrasses 56 Other fish 46 Sharks & rays 63 Turtles, sea snakes & crocodiles 11 Marine mammals & birds 10 Cephalopods 36 Nudibranchs & sea slugs 137 Sea snails & shells 26 Shrimps 38 Mantis shrimps 5 Crabs 45 Hermit crabs 10 Lobsters & squat lobsters 13 Isopods & parasitic crustaceans 5 Amphipods 2 Sea stars 18 Brittle stars & basket stars 7 Feather stars 2 Sea urchins 23 Sea cucumbers 12 Worms 11 Flatworms 3 Jellyfish & stinging drifters 10 Anemones & zoanthids 12 Sea squirts 4 Blackwater & plankton 52 Other invertebrates 2

All 1316 species in one index, with filters for destination, rarity and hazard.

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